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Caption: War Publications - WWI Compilation 1923 - Article 49
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(2) New demand for labor; peasants migrate to the factory towns; cities prow in size; dissatisfaction grows among labor. Proletariat and rich middle class grow together. (3) Theories of socialism take root in the laboring class; Bolsheviki. (4) Ideas of Tolstoi (poverty, communism, non-resistance) receive wide acceptance. 3. An experiment in constitutional government; since 1906 1904-1905. war with Japan; unpopular; disastrous; revelations of dishonesty and inefficiency; position of autocracy shaken. 1905. demand for constitutional rule; riots and massacres; strikes. 1906, First Duma (legislature) meets; quarrels with government—finds the Tsar had deprived it of real power; dismissed; failure. Later meetings of the Duma also failures. 4. Situation in Russia, 1914: dissatisfaction to the point of revolt through* out Russia, especially among the socialists of the industrial centers; the land problem unsettled; the non-Russians in the west strenuously resisting Russification; international prestige of the empire shaken by the outcome of the Russo-Japanese war. Literature •Holt and Chilton, History of Europe, 241-246, 341-354, 363-364, 420-425. Hazen, Modern European History, 558-573, 580-582, 585-589. *War Cyclopedia, "Bolsheviki," "Finland," "Lenine," "Milyukov," "Nicholas II," "Pan-Slavism," "Poland," "Russia," "Slavs," "Ukraine." Map Study: Collected Materials, 20; note that Russia is not abundantly supplied with coal and iron and that the loss of Finland and Ukraine would be a serious blow to Russian industry; note also that Ukraine covers a large part of the great Russian wheat belt.—The map on page 98 shows the territory surrendered by the Bolsheviki in the west and southwest; it should be observed that these regions were not given to Germany, but that Germans hope to organize and control them. 18
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