Caption: War Publications - WWI Compilation 1923 - Article 49
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I. 1. G E O G R A P H I C A L A S P E C T 8 OF T H E WAR. Certain prominent physical facts. a Rivers. natural defenses The seine river system: a complex of rivers cutting the region between Paris and the German frontier (the Marne, the Vesle, the Aisne, the Oise, etc.); of great importance as obstructions to Belgian route. (2) The river system of northeastern Italy; note the importance of the Piave and neighboring streams in the last Austrian offensive. (3) The rivers of western Russia; note their general directions; of great importance in the Russian retreat, 1915. (4) The Masurian lakes: fatal to the Russian invasion of Prussia, 1914. (5) The Alps, the Carpathians, and the Vosges; note that the trench lines in the Vosges are only a dozen miles from the Rhine. b. Military routes. (1) The Tigris valley; the Tigris is also important as a navigable stream. (2) The Vardar-Morava valley (Balkans): the route of the Teutonic advance through Serbia southward. (3) The lower Danube: important in the Teutonic invasion of Rumania. c. Waterways and narrow seas. (1) The Dardanelles: note the effect of the closing of these straits on Russian participation in the war. (2) The Suez Canal. (3) Strait of Gibraltar. harbors (4) The English Channel: note that the better English side of the Channel. (5) The Orkney route. (6) The entrance to the Baltic. d. The North Sea: shallow in places; extensive sandbanks; good channels near the German coast rare; Germany practically immune from invasion^H^^H^^I^^I^HIi^H^^I^^I^^H^^H^H^^I^l Economic factor.. -See Collected Material., 90. 2. Germany Germany also had access to tne iron proaucw ui ow*ueu. Oil fields of Galicia, Rumania and the Caucasus. Wheat fields of Hungary and southern Russia. ™ T vast mineral wealth and industrial establishments Britain. German monopoly of potash 3 Advantages and disadvantages of position and location. Note the fact that Germany occupies a central place in Europe and that she has found it comparatively easy to shift men and materials from front to front. In this respect the allies have been at a disadvantage; communication across the Channel is easy, but the western nowers have found it almost impossible to assist Rusaia or sjorKio 6
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