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Caption: Course Catalog - 1889-1890
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PRACTICE. 55 liminary surveys, location, staking out, drawings, computation of earth work, etc. The preliminary survey consists in an examination of the locality, and in running tangent lines, with leveling and topographical sketching. The location consists in running the line over the route decided upon, with all the necessary measurements and calculations for establishing the grade, setting slope stakes, etc. The drawings include alignment, profile, etc. In the fall of the fourth year the student has practice with the alt-azimuth instrument in reading horizontal and vertical angles, and in determining latitude; With the astronomical transit in finding time; with the sextant in getting time and latitude; with the aneroid and mercurial barometers in measuring heights, and with the precise level in leveling. SPECIAL STUDIES. Astronomy.—Descriptive astronomy is given with a text book. The equatorial telescope is in constant use during favorable weather. Practical astronomy is given by lectures and the use of the alt-azimuth instrument, the astronomical transit, the sextant, and the engineer's transit, adapted to astronomical calculations. The work includes the use and adjustment of instruments, and the determination of time, latitude, longitude, and azimuth. Bridges.—The instruction in bridges occupies two terms. The first is devoted to the calculations of the strains in the various forms of bridging, by algebraic and graphical methods, consideration being given to weights of bridge and train, and force of wind. The second is devoted to designing trusses, proportioning sections, and working out of details. Each student designs and makes a full set of drawings of a bridge. Geodesy.—From a text book studies are made upon the instruments, methods, formulas, etc., employed in spirit, barometrical, and trigometrical leveling ; the apparatus, methods, etc., used in measuring base lines; the location and construction of stations; the method of measuring the angles and reducing the triangulations; the principles of projecting maps; the means employed in running parallels and meridians. Land Surveying.—Areas and distances by chain, compass, and plane table;. U. S. public land surveys, including
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