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Caption: Course Catalog - 1885
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College of Engineering. 41 with greater ease and advantage. With this view the subjects peculiar to civil engineering are not introduced until the second year. The instruction is given by lectures, text books, and reading, to which are added numerous problems' and practical exercises, as serving best to completely explain subjects and fix them in mind. Models^and instruments are continually used, both in lectures and by the students themselves. COUESE OV STUDIES. The complete course occupies four years. The studies of the first three years will prepare students for undertaking many engineering operations, such as making land and topographical surveys, building railroads, canals, embankments, etc. The fourth year is intended to fit them for higher engineering operations, such as making geodetic surveys, building arches, trussed bridges, and supporting frames of all kinds. The order of studies as given by the year and term in the tabular view of the course, should be closely followed, so that the student may avoid interference of hours of recitation, and because the studies are there given in the order which best meets the preparation of the student. TECHNICAL STUDIES. Astronomy.—Descriptive Astronomy is given with a text book. The equatorial telescope is in constant use during favorable weather. Practical astronomy is given by lectures and practical work with the altazimuth instrument, the astronomical transit, the sextant, and the engineer's transit adapted to astronomical calculations. It includes the instruments and their adjustment, the determination of time, latitude, longitude, and. azimuth. Bridges.—Calculation of stresses in the various forms of bridge trusses, by algebraic and graphical methods, consideration being given to weights of bridge and train, and force of wind; designing trusses and proportioning sections; details. Geodesy^.—Spirit, barometrical, and trigonometrical leveling; base lines, stations, and triangulation; parallels and meridians; projection of maps. Land Surveying.— Areas and distances, by chain, com-
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