Caption: War Publications - WWI Compilation 1923 - Article 48
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Ho ^"e^ lie X. THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL LAW lnternational s Nn l ^iT customary «ii 0| *•• '' dvi lilized States re«ar with one another. ^ * it differs from municipal (national) law in that it is not enacted by a ^^•W legislature and thore is no sanction for its enforcement other than public u * • opinion. * *i;k I Formerly the rules of international law consisted entirely of custom and »toGer. usage but much of it (especially the rules governing the conduct of states in time of war) has now been reduced to written form and is embodied ^ in treaties and conventions '^4. W with Steps in the process of codification. lQf declaration of Paris of 1856. Declaration of St. Petersburg 1868. Act of Brussels Congress of 1874 (unratified). Geneva Conventions of 1864 and 1906. Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. London G. War Manuals of different states. Compare the German War Code and France technically war several of the smaller belligerent powers had not ratified them. But they were nevertheless generally regarded as binding. Moreover such of their provisions as were merely declaratory of the existing law of nations were legally binding. 5. Eolations of international law during the recent war: A. B. C. D. E. F. The The The The The « Evasion of neutral States; alleged blockade of neutral ports; extension of the doctrine of contraband; destruction of neutral merchant vessels, hospital ships and vessels engaged on missions of philanthropy; violations of the Red Cross Convention; employment of prohibited instruments and methods; unlawful contributions, fines and requisitions; maltreatment of prisoners and hostages; deportation of civilian populations; forced labor for military purposes; unlawful bombardments by land, sea and air; outrages against non-combatants, etc. 29 mM
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