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Caption: War Publications - WWI Compilation 1923 - Article 14
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written form in order that commanders and troops may know defin. kclv their rights and duties and thus avoid, through ignorance or uncertainty, infractions of the law of nations soon impressed other governments, and a goodly number of them accordingly followed the examole of the United States and issued manuals of instructions for the guidance of their commanders and troops during war.« The fail, ure of many states, however, to follow this course caused the first Hague contracting parties to the Convention respecting the laws and customs of war on land an obligation to issue instructions to their armed land forces, which instructions were required to be in conformity with 1 the regulations governing land warfare annexed to the said Convention, and this obligation was reaffirmed by the corresponding Convention 1907 The first government to act in pursuance of the obligation thus f ' ^ Empire, which in 1902 promulgated a iruumiu W u u w **, *w* Landkriegey prepared by the Great 4 General Staff of the German army. The British government had , i • mo^ : 1 ~ \A x/^/Military La„w^ prepared by a group \4:i:*~~ r Manual of of distinguished jurists and military officers. It has been frequently revised and brought into harmony with the great international conventions and declarations, the last edition having appeared in the 6 year 1914. The essential part of it, namely, the chapter on the "Laws and Usages of War on Land," was prepared by Colonel Edmonds of the British army and by Dr. L. Oppenheim, Whewell Professor of International Law at Cambridge. The French government likewise in pursuance of the obligation imposed by the Hague Convention has issued a manual of rules and instructions prepared by Lieutenant Robert Jacomet, the fourth edition of which appeared 6 in 1913. Lieber's "Instructions" of 1863 still being in force the government of the United States did not consider it necessary to :««„- a new manual, u._ in - 1914 'the earlier nr a n u a l w a s revised and „ ~™ i but - ^ ^ »• m issue brought into harmony with the Hague and o ther international con7 ventions and was issued under the title Rules ^ Land „ „ v ?f ^~„~ Warfare. In this study an attempt is made to compare the German manuaI wlth those of the United States, Great Britain, and France and 'Article I. •Article I . *Kruubra Grossen Gintrdl Paul Cw-pentjf r Itmand (Pari*, 2d Iur U ttUaU (Paris, 1907). An English tran.Ution haV been ™ T 1 r " 2 ! * £ > J •ity College, London, and published under ?hc tit e The w£n ? H 0f / T*?™ 4 f , 1915). .In the preparation of this study I ha vc ^used t h f F n g5 u t r n^ ,, G ^ . translation by Carpentier, carefully comparm* th^m ^ .11 • * « *tion by Morgan ana w e ***•*•Published under the authority of His M?ieitvV w £ * ? ? i ? U d »cuMed. 1914). majesty . Stationery Office. P p . 90$ (London. W y n u n * Son* *UJ Lois de la Guerre Continentale, Preface de M 1nuit D , m . , *. . « ^*~ Publi Sous U historique de Chat-Major de V Armee (Parii. Pedone 191 U ""***' ' direction di U Sttfi^Approved by the Chief of Staff, and issued by order Jttiu c ... u dff f thc Sc ington: Government Printing Office. 1914. * ° ^ e U r y of War April 25, 1914. Wttk- Guerre 4
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