Caption: SWE - Proceedings of the First International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists
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and dispositions of their respective countries on equal terms with men. The status of women engineers in all European countries is very similar; they are accepted, not without some skepticism, but are not asked or encouraged to enter the engineering field. The working conditions encountered are initially the same as those for men, but they have to demonstrate their professional ability to their employers to a much greater degree than men before the original skepticism is overcome. Access to industry does not appear to be equal for men and women. There are no women engineers on the boards of large engineering companies, and a woman has to be much better than her male colleagues to obtain equal recognition. This attitude is clearly stated in the report of the British Women's Engineering Society: "A few employers are noted for their generous attitude towards women in deciding whether or not to train a woman .... „ There is much talk by employers on the financial risk involved in training women, and some of them exclude women from training schemes or accept them only at a lower rate of pay". This is why there are so few women in the engineering field as indicated in Table 4. However, these few have taken the opportunity to enter many branches and activities of engineering and have demonstrated that they are capable of contributing to engineering progress. Table 4. Women Engineers in European Countries Country Austria Belgium Cyprus England France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Switzerland UoS.S.R. Sweden * Number of Women Engineers 4\ * 149 1,500 * 3 313 900 3 These countries stated that they have women engineers but gave no numbers. NORTH AMERICA According to an Engineers Joint Council study made in 1962, there were 615,400 engineers employed in industry in the United States of America. The 1960 census reported that there were 7,000 women working as engineers. However, a survey of the universities and colleges which V-7
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