UIHistories Project: A History of the University of Illinois by Kalev Leetaru
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Repository: UIHistories Project: Board of Trustees Minutes - 1882 [PAGE 145]

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139

Sarcina renis. Henworth (Mic. Jour., v. 1857, p. 1, pi. 1. Fig. 2), is bright-green; it shows little connection with the species of this genus, therefore I shall only mention it. Besides the foregoing species of Sarcina there are those hitherto classed as fungi on various substrata; on boiled potatoes (in little chrome yellow masses,) on cooked white of egg (bright yellow spots), also in solutions, and even in the blood of healthy and diseased human beings. Compare Cohn's Beitr. zur Biologie I, Bd. 2, p. 139.

BACTEKIUM, COHN.

Cells short-cylindrical, long-elliptical or fusiform; increasing by transverse division; having the power of moving spontaneously. The daughter cells separate soon after the division or remain attached in pairs or in a greater number forming a chain; frequently forming zooglcea; formation of spores similar to that of Bacillus.

[Aside from their shape the species of this genus mainly differ from those of Micrococcus in their power of movement. While the latter oscillate and tip and turn in the suspending fluid, but make no advance, the former freely move from place to place. Of these the motion is of every kind: rolling, spinning, turning end over end, swaying as if attacked at one end by an invisible thread, quivering without change of place, sailing steadily and stately, darting like a flash, whirling, bobbing, dancing—a maze and labyrinth of movement. But these active motions are observed only when the organisms are in a rich nutritive fluid and are supplied with free oxygen. The zooglsea differ from those of Micrococcus in having a firmer and more abundant intercellular substance.] B . t e r m o , Dujard. Synonyms: Monas termo, Muller (Infus. T. I, Fig. 1—non Ehrb.); (?) Palmellainfusionum, Ehrb. (Inf. p. 526;. Zooglcea termo, Cohn (Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. XXIV, Bd. 1, p. 123, T. 15, Fig. 9). Exsiccata: Thunien Mycotheca Universalis, 1000.

Cells short-cylindrical, oblong; .00006 to .00008 in. long [.00008 to .00012 in. long, .000025 to .00012 in. wide, Magnin]; furnished at each end with a cilium. In all putrescible substances, especially water in which meat is macerated.

Bacterium termo is the ferment of putrefaction; it produces putrefaction of organic substances, and rapidly multiplies itself as long as the substances capable of putrefaction are present, while it disappears as soon as the decomposition is ended, It is certainly obtained when a piece of meat is put into water in a vessel left open and allowed to stand in a warm place. The reproductive power is so enormous that the bacteria cells reaching the liquid through the air, or as attached to the meat, have, in a short time, so great a progeny that in twenty-four hours the water has a conspicuous milky appearance, caused by the swimming fungi. That the Bacterium is the cause, and not simply an accompaniment of the putrefaction, is made apparent by a simple experiment. Putrefaction begins as soon as air is allowed to freely pass to a putrescible substance, because the air always contains a number of the bacterium cells. But when the putrescible substance is heated over 50° Cent, and the air excluded, it does not ferment. It can be objected that the air, or the oxygen of the same, causes the putrefaction, but this can be readily refuted. Air filtered through cotton-wool, and thus freed from the bacterian cells, can easily be passed to a putrescible liquid which has been highly heated; in this case no putrefaction takes place. B . l i n e o l a , Cohn, Synonym: Vibrio lineola, Muller (Vermium Historia, p. 39). Bacterium triloculare, Ehrb. (Infs., p. 79).

Cells similar to those of Bacterium termo, but larger; .00012 to .00015 in. long by .00006 in. wide; with two cilia at one end. In various infusions without producing a special fermentation.