Repository: UIHistories Project: Book - Gregory Art Collection Catalog (Gregory) [PAGE 5]

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The Roman School added a certain grandeur to its style which the Florentines lacked. Michael Angelo (1474-1564) painted the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican with its Last Judgment, which gained him his fame as a Painter. He attempted to communicate his skill to others, but his pupils exaggerated his faults without attainingjiis excellencies. Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520) had two distinct styles, viz : the Florentine, in which he clearly imitated his master, Perugluo; and his Roman style, in which he attains something of the boldness and grandeur of conception of Michael Angelo. To this lasi period belongs the paintings in the Stanze of the Vatican, the Loggie, many of his celebrated Madonnas, including the Madonna della Sedia, the Madonna di San Sisto, the St. Cecilia at Bologna, and the Transfiguration, which by many is considered his chef-d'oeuvre. Giulio Romano was :i favorite pupil of Raphael. The Lombard School was founded by da Vinci, at Milan, and is illustrious through the names of Luiui, Mantegna, Caravaggio, Correggio and others. Leonardo da Vinci is known lo us chiefly through his "Last Supper," which, while the original crumbles away in an old refectory at Milan, has grown famous by engravings and copies all over the world. His genius was so versatile that lie devoted his attention to no single a r t ; therefore, there arc but few of his pictures in the different galleries. The Venetian School is noted for the richness and harmony of its coloring. The nanus of Bellini, Qiorgione, Titian, Tintoretto and Paul Veronese are those of its greatest masters. Titian (1477-1576) Die cliief of colorists, is known throughout the galleries of Europe by his many works. The painting of the Presentation of Mary in the Temple, which is at Venh-e, is counted his chief work. The Bolognese School, founded by Francia, remains to be noticed. Doinenichino, theCaracci, Guido Reni and < iucre.ino are its well known representatives- Guido Rent's (1575-1642), " Aurora" and " BeatriceCeutji," and Donienichino's LastSupperof St. Jeiome,which by some is ranked as high as the Transfiguration of Raphael, are the best known productions of this School. called Meyer Madonna, at Dresden, which rivals in artistic value the Madonna di San Sisto. Crauach was the only great Painter of the Dresden School. At Nuremburg, M. Wohlgemuth founded a school and gained a fair name as an artist, fhough his chief title to glory is found in the fact that he was the master of the great Durer. Albert Durer (1471-15SS) is sometimes called the Raphael of German art. Some of his best works are to be seen in the Munich gallery. The two pendants, one of St. Peter and St. John, and the other of St. Paul and St. Mark are found there and considered among his chief paintings. Between Durer and the present period there have been few famous German artists. Denner (1GS5-1747) is noted for the finished appearance of his pictures. Meugs and his follower, Angelica Kaufhuaun, produced works famous rather for grace than strength. A little after the opening of this century Oweibeek led a revival of German art. He and his followers, Peter Cornells, Schnorr, Hess and others drew their inspiration from the artists preceding Raphael, believing, as Laiizi states it, that "Raphael, springing from these painters, is superior to them, whilst those who followed him have not equalled him." The artists of this day, Kaulbach, Lessing, Piloty, Horschelt and others, have thrown off the affectation of pre-Raphaelitism and established their national art on a truer basis. F L E M I S H AND DUTCH SCHOOLS. In the Flemish Schools we find among the earliest painters the Van Eyck Brothers, who lived in the last part of the fourteenth and first part of the fifteenth centuries. I t is claimed that they invented the process of painting in oils. Quentin Matsys, the blacksmith painter, came a little later. Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) was one of the chief artists of the Flemish school, and painted with so much facility that he is said to have left the world nearly three thousand pictures. His " Descent from the Cross," at Antwerp, is counted his finest work. All the art galleries of Europe contain many of his productions, but they are found in greatest number at Paris, Munich and Antwerp. Among the pupils of Ruben5* we find J. Jordaens and Antony Van Dyck, (1599-1041). Van Dyck was especially felicitous in his portrait painting, and specimens of his great ability in this branch are found throughout Europe. David Tenters, the genre painter, and Philippe de Champagne, were also Flemish artists of considerable note. The Dutch school is marked by its great number of landscape, genre and still-life painters. Cnyp, Wynauts, Ruysdael, the Wouvermans,Gerard Dow, Paul Potter,Hobbema and a vast concourse of brother artists were of this class. Rembrandt Van Ryu (1606-1669), the magician of light and shade was the glory of the Dutch school. He left his chef-d'oeuvre, the " Night Watch," at Amsterdam, where he resided during the latter part of his life. Rembrandt was very successful in portrait painting, and has left many portraits of himself. F R E N C H SCHOOL. Paris became at an early period an art center. Leonardo da Vinci was invited to Paris by Francis I and died in the arms of that monarch. But

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OTHER EUROPEAN SCHOOLS.

Of the three chief Spanish Schools the most illustrious names are those of Velasquez (1588), celebrated for his portraits, Ribera and Murillo 11618whose olive-cheeked Madonnas are found throughout the galleries of Europe. The Immaculate Conception in the Louvre has been the most widely copied, and is the best known of Murilio's works. HERMAN SCHOOLS. German art, like that of Italy, was first learned from the Byzantines, but soon emancipated itself from all imitation. The first School of Painting appeared in Bohemia, the second in Cologne, and from these many others were formed. The Augsburg School became famous under H a n s Holbein, the elder (RA450),but attained its greatest excellence under his son Hans Holbein, the younger (1498 1548). The chef-d' oeuvre of this last master is the to-